Volume 19, No. 2, 2022

Darwinism, Organic Theory Of State And Lebensraum


SREENIVAS A V

Abstract

The goal of this paper is to look at how Darwin's evolutionary philosophy was applied to German geography in the nineteenth century, particularly in Friedrich Ratzel's formulation of the concept of Lebensraum. Specifically, Friedrich Ratzel's political philosophy and his famous "Lebensraum" notion. The paper will also show how Rudolf Kjellen's later articulation of “an organic theory of the state” was influenced by the Ratzelian Lebensraum. Geopolitics emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, these notions have now become a significant element of global history and literature and accurate study and recognition of geopolitics is impossible without a thorough understanding of these theories. As a result, geopolitical theories are now studied, evaluated, analysed, and critiqued as part of geopolitical studies. The current study examines and discusses the state of implemented recommendations in traditional geopolitical theories in this regard (1875 to 1945). Finally, the article will conclude with a brief consideration of the 'synthetic' features of the Lebensraum idea, concentrating on the seemingly disparate ways in which the notion was mobilised within National socialist ideology and planning. The significance of tracking and tracing Darwinism, Organic Theory of State, and Lebensraum is discussed in the final section of our research.


Pages: 3468-3478

Keywords: Lebensraum, Ratzelian Philosophy, Social Darwinism, Racialism, Vital materialism, Geopolitical theories, Organic state.

Full Text